Summary
Sudan’s war has continued into its fourth year with no end in sight. The Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) are fighting for control of different parts of the country, leading to ongoing instability and worsening humanitarian conditions.
Key Facts
- The Sudanese army controls northern, central, and eastern Sudan, including the capital, Khartoum.
- The RSF controls Darfur, much of the three Kordofan states, and parts of the Blue Nile region near Ethiopia.
- The army regained Khartoum State in May 2024 after two years of fighting.
- The army also recaptured key cities such as Wad Madani, el-Obeid, Kadugli, Dilling, and Bara between 2025 and early 2026.
- The RSF captured el-Fasher, North Darfur’s capital, in October 2024 after a two-year siege.
- RSF forces advanced into West Kordofan and gained control over the Heglig oil region after the army withdrew.
- The war has spread east, with the RSF and allied forces capturing Kurmuk in Blue Nile State in March 2025.
- Both sides have started using drones in the conflict to carry out attacks and destroy military equipment.
