How a Green-Card Holder Becomes a Naturalized US Citizen
Summary
This article explains the steps for green-card holders to become naturalized U.S. citizens. It describes the eligibility rules, application process, testing, and final ceremony to take the Oath of Allegiance.Key Facts
- Most green-card holders must wait five years before applying for citizenship; those married to U.S. citizens may apply after three years.
- Applicants must show continuous residence and physical presence in the U.S., meet good moral character standards, and pass background checks.
- The application starts with filing Form N-400 and paying a fee (around $710-$760, lower for some).
- Applicants give biometrics (fingerprints, photo) and attend an interview to review their history and test English and civics knowledge.
- Starting in October 2025, the civics test will include up to 20 questions from a pool of 128; applicants must answer at least 12 correctly.
- Spouses of U.S. service members stationed abroad may be eligible for faster naturalization without usual residency rules.
- After approval, applicants attend a ceremony and take the Oath of Allegiance to become citizens.
- U.S. citizenship grants rights like voting and applying for a passport, and responsibilities like loyalty to the U.S.
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