Global heating is making hajj ever more dangerous, report finds
Summary
A new study has found that rising global temperatures are causing extreme heat in Mecca, making the annual hajj pilgrimage more dangerous for millions of people. Due to climate change driven by fossil fuel emissions, temperatures of 40°C (104°F) now happen even outside summer months, and by the end of the century, dangerous heat could affect almost all pilgrimages unless fossil fuel use is greatly reduced.Key Facts
- The climate in Mecca has changed, causing more frequent extreme heat during hajj, even in months like May.
- 40°C temperatures are now common in May, whereas before they occurred mainly in summer.
- Over 1,300 pilgrims died from heat and humidity during the 2024 hajj, which was held in June.
- Hajj involves walking outdoors for five days and is required for all Muslims able to do so.
- Saudi Arabia relies heavily on oil and has been slow to take strong climate action.
- Saudi authorities have introduced measures like shaded paths, cooling stations, and medical support to help pilgrims.
- Scientists warn that without reducing fossil fuel use, hajj will become unsafe almost year-round.
- The Islamic lunar calendar causes hajj dates to move through all seasons over about 33 years, increasing the risk of heat exposure as global temperatures rise.
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