The weather and climate science AI revolution isn’t revolutionary
Summary
AI, especially machine learning, is being used in weather and climate modeling but it is not a sudden breakthrough. These AI models help find patterns in large data sets to improve forecasts, but they have limitations and require careful use.Key Facts
- AI in weather and climate refers mainly to machine learning, not language-based AI like chatbots.
- Machine learning uses computers to detect patterns in data and improve predictions.
- Models need lots of good quality examples to learn accurately.
- Weather models using machine learning run faster than traditional models that solve complex physics equations.
- Big tech companies like Google, Nvidia, Huawei, and Microsoft have created initial AI weather models.
- The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) started using a machine learning weather model in February 2025.
- Machine learning models have strengths and weaknesses that researchers are still understanding.
- Weather and climate forecasting AI is an evolving tool, not a complete replacement for human experts.
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