No evidence for ‘witches’ marks’ claims at old English buildings, historian says
Summary
A leading architectural historian, Jennifer Alexander, says there is no proof that marks found on old English buildings are related to witches or magic. Instead, these symbols are likely practical marks made by stonemasons training apprentices and organizing work.Key Facts
- English Heritage and Historic England have identified many marks on historic buildings as "witches’ marks" or ritual protection symbols.
- Jennifer Alexander, a professor at Warwick University, says these marks are actually practice designs for stonemason training.
- Daisy wheels (also called hexafoils) are common symbols made by apprentices learning to use compasses on stone.
- Some marks thought to be magical are practical geometry exercises or mason’s ciphers used to organize building work.
- English Heritage found many such marks at Gainsborough Old Hall, describing them as ritual symbols, but this view is disputed.
- Historic England has encouraged the public to find witches’ marks but notes different theories about their meaning.
- Alexander states that marks like overlapping Vs or letters are practical signs used to help build structures, not magical symbols.
- While some symbols might serve to ward off evil, the majority of these marks relate to construction processes.
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