Seven decades of US regime change efforts: What have they achieved?
Summary
The United States and Iran have a long history of conflict, including a 1953 coup by the US that removed Iran’s elected leader and restored the shah to power. Since Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution, the two countries have been adversaries, with ongoing military conflicts and political confrontations affecting the wider region and global markets.Key Facts
- In 1953, the US CIA and Britain overthrew Iran’s elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh after he nationalized an oil company.
- This coup restored the shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to power and kept Iran as a US ally for about 25 years.
- The US and Iran cooperated on nuclear technology starting in the 1950s under peaceful programs.
- Opposition grew against the shah’s authoritarian rule, leading to the 1979 Islamic Revolution and the creation of the Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
- After the revolution, Iran became a major adversary of the US, including a hostage crisis where 52 Americans were held for 444 days.
- The US supported Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s and imposed sanctions on Iran.
- Recent conflicts include US and Israeli attacks on Iran, Iranian retaliation in the Gulf region, and tensions involving Iran-backed groups in Lebanon and Yemen.
- The ongoing conflict has disrupted global energy, especially through the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a key oil shipping route.
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