Can US, Middle Eastern powers unite Libya 15 years after Gaddafi overthrow?
Summary
Fifteen years after Libya’s uprising against Muammar Gaddafi, the country remains divided by civil war. The US and Middle Eastern countries are working to unite Libya by encouraging rival groups to form one government, with a focus on shared control of the country’s oil resources.Key Facts
- Libya’s uprising started during the Arab Spring in 2011, leading to a civil war and Gaddafi’s death.
- NATO, including the US, UK, and France, intervened militarily to protect civilians and support rebels.
- Libya is now divided between two rival administrations: the UN-backed Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli, and the eastern government supported by Khalifa Haftar and his Libyan National Army.
- Haftar controls eastern Libya, including important oil-rich areas and the port city of Benghazi.
- The UN has led peace efforts since 2020 to unify the two administrations and hold national elections.
- The US appointed Ambassador Richard Norlan as Special Envoy to Libya in 2021 to facilitate talks.
- President Trump’s adviser for African and Middle Eastern affairs, Massad Boulous, is leading a new US initiative to promote unity in Libya.
- The US plan includes encouraging investment in Libya’s oil fields and proposing power-sharing between rival leaders if they agree to unite.
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