Six months into the Iran war, a new Gulf security architecture is emerging
Summary
Six months into the war involving Iran, the Gulf region is changing how it approaches security and defense. Gulf countries are building new partnerships and agreements to protect themselves better, moving beyond reliance on the United States alone. This new security system includes overlapping alliances with regional and international partners.Key Facts
- Iran launched a missile strike in June 2025 on Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, marking a turning point in Gulf security.
- Gulf states recognize increased risks to cities, energy facilities, airports, ports, and shipping routes from missiles and drones.
- Traditionally, Gulf security depended mainly on the U.S. and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), but that system is evolving.
- Gulf countries are strengthening cooperation among themselves and also with new partners like Turkiye and European states.
- The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement links Saudi Arabia, Turkiye, and Pakistan, treating an attack on one as an attack on all.
- This new agreement expands collective defense beyond the GCC and resembles NATO’s idea but is more flexible and less centralized.
- The emerging Gulf security framework involves overlapping partnerships rather than a single, unified alliance.
- Leadership in this system is shared, reflecting the diverse views and threat perceptions of different countries.
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