The Guardian view on rare earths: it’s common sense to secure essential supply chains | Editorial
Summary
Rare earth minerals are vital for many technologies and weapons. China currently controls most of the supply, leading other countries, especially the US and Europe, to try to find new sources and reduce dependence on China.Key Facts
- China supplies about 70% of the world’s rare earth mining and 90% of processing.
- In 2010, China stopped rare earth exports to Japan during a political dispute, raising global awareness.
- Last year, China restricted rare earth exports, affecting trade with the US under President Donald Trump.
- The US government has invested heavily in rare earth mining and plans a $12 billion reserve for critical minerals.
- Rare earths are not actually rare but are hard and expensive to mine and process.
- The US and China are both looking for supplies in countries like South Africa, Greenland, and Brazil, raising environmental concerns.
- Recycling and new technologies could help reduce the need for mining but won’t end it.
- Europe is working to cut its dependence on imports, with France hosting a major processing facility and deals being made with Brazil.
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