Space data centers could end stargazing as we know it
Summary
Researchers warn that large networks of data centers in orbit could obstruct views of the night sky, increase collision and debris risks, and create environmental costs from rocket launches. Investment and proposed satellite constellations are growing, but researchers say the technology’s effects remain uncertain and call for caution before deployment at scale.Key Facts
- The report was prepared for the Innovation for Cool Earth Forum, an annual event hosted by the Japanese government.
- Researchers warned that satellites could become more visible than stars across much of the world if orbital data centers proliferate.
- Orbital data centers could face collision risks and add dangerous debris to space.
- Rocket launches for solar-powered data centers would produce greenhouse gases and black carbon emissions.
- Quilty Space estimated that investment tied to orbital data centers rose from about $197 million in 2025 to $1.11 billion so far in 2026.
- SpaceX has applied to deploy a constellation of 1 million data center satellites, according to the Secure World Foundation.
- Starcloud and Blue Origin's Project Sunrise have proposed constellations of 88,000 and 51,600 satellites, respectively.
- Quilty Space research director Caleb Henry cautioned that satellite filings may exceed the number companies ultimately deploy.
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