Summary
India's air pollution is causing a significant decline in sunlight reaching the Earth's surface, a trend observed over the past 30 years. Changes in weather, aerosols, and pollution have led to fewer sunshine hours across the country, affecting agriculture and solar energy production. Despite efforts to increase renewable energy, air pollution remains a major challenge for India's solar energy potential.
Key Facts
- India is experiencing a decline in sunlight hours due to air pollution and cloud cover.
- A study noted a decline in sunshine hours nationwide from 1988 to 2018.
- The steepest declines in sunlight occurred in northern regions like Amritsar and Kolkata, as well as along the Himalayan belt and west coast.
- Air pollution ranks India among the world's top 10 most polluted countries.
- Aerosols from vehicle emissions and biomass burning are key contributors to reduced sunlight.
- Seasonal changes affect sunlight, with increased hours from October to May and sharp drops in June and July.
- Aerosols and clouds have reduced sunlight reaching the ground by up to 44% in some areas.
- Solar energy capacity is affected, with pollution potentially reducing solar panel output by 12-41%.
