Summary
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is reconsidering its security strategy, traditionally reliant on Western countries like the United States, United Kingdom, and France. With concerns over Western commitment, GCC members are exploring regional security alliances, such as Saudi Arabia's recent defense pact with Pakistan. The GCC is considering collective security through regional alliances or internal agreements among member states.
Key Facts
- Arab Gulf states have depended on Western countries for security, with U.S., U.K., and French military bases in the region.
- Western interest is shifting towards East Asia, highlighted by the rise of China, affecting Gulf states' reliance on the West for security.
- The Gulf states are considering other security options, evidenced by Saudi Arabia and Pakistan's recent defense pact.
- Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a wide-ranging economic framework during a visit by Pakistan's Prime Minister on October 27, 2025.
- "Collective management" for GCC proposes alliances with countries like Egypt, Pakistan, and Turkiye to ensure regional security.
- Previous regional alliances like the Middle East Strategic Alliance have not met expectations.
- The GCC has existing security pacts like the Peninsula Shield Force and Joint Defence Agreement to boost internal security cooperation.
- These collective security efforts face challenges due to historical reliance on external powers and differing national interests within the GCC.
