Summary
A BBC investigation found that over 250 people were given Electric Shock Aversion Therapy (ESAT) in NHS hospitals between 1965 and 1973 in an attempt to change their sexual preferences and gender identity. Survivors of this treatment described enduring severe physical and psychological pain. The government plans to investigate the historical use of ESAT in NHS facilities.
Key Facts
- Over 250 individuals were subjected to ESAT in NHS hospitals from 1965 to 1973.
- The therapy was designed to change people's sexual orientation or gender identity through painful electric shocks.
- Survivors reported both physical pain and long-lasting psychological trauma.
- Patients were often referred for the treatment by teachers, priests, or doctors, and some did not give informed consent.
- The British Psychological Society has stopped using ESAT, but conversion practices remain legal in the UK.
- The largest trial of ESAT took place in Manchester with 73 participants.
- Survivors are calling for an official apology from the UK government and NHS.
