Summary
The ongoing war in Ukraine, which started with Russia's invasion four years ago, continues to heavily impact both countries with high military and civilian casualties. The conflict has greatly changed Europe's security landscape since the end of the Cold War, with millions of Ukrainians displaced and significant destruction across the country. Reconstruction costs are expected to be extremely high.
Key Facts
- Russia invaded Ukraine four years ago, causing Europe's largest conflict since World War II.
- Military casualties are extremely high, with Russia suffering around 1.2 million, including up to 325,000 soldier deaths as estimated by CSIS.
- Ukraine's military casualties are estimated to be between 500,000 and 600,000, including up to 140,000 deaths.
- The United Nations reports over 15,000 civilian deaths in Ukraine, with injuries exceeding 40,600.
- Significant numbers of Ukrainians have been displaced, with 5.3 million seeking refuge in Europe and 3.7 million displaced within Ukraine.
- Key cities in Ukraine have been heavily damaged, and the World Health Organization reports over 2,800 attacks on healthcare facilities.
- Russian strikes on infrastructure have left millions without heat and power.
- The World Bank estimates Ukraine’s reconstruction will cost $588 billion over ten years.
