People protecting nature and land set up self-defence units amid threat of murder
Summary
In 2025, 124 people who protect nature and land were killed, about one every three days, mostly in Latin America. Many communities have started self-defence groups to protect themselves from organized crime and illegal activities like logging and mining.Key Facts
- 124 nature and land defenders were killed worldwide in 2025.
- Over one-third of these killings involved organized crime or hired killers.
- Latin America accounted for 85% of the deaths, with Colombia (39), Brazil (26), and Honduras (12) having the highest numbers.
- In Asia, the Philippines was the most dangerous country for defenders, with 12 killed, often by state security actions.
- Since 2012, Global Witness has recorded 2,375 deaths and disappearances of defenders, similar to a small war.
- Most victims were Indigenous people and small farmers protecting their land.
- Cuts to U.S. aid programs under President Trump reduced support for Indigenous land guardians.
- Many communities, like the Kakataibo in Peru, created self-defence groups to protect their territory despite risks, including murders of group members.
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